SELECT `Departments`.`Name`
  FROM `Departments`
  WHERE `Departments`.internal_id = `Employees`.`Department`
			
		      

Gets the name of the Department to which the Employee is assigned.

			
`Employees`.`Department` -> `Departments`.`Name`
			
		      

The same as the example from the first row, but uses the InstaDB arrow syntax instead of select.

			
SELECT `Emp`.`Phone number`
  FROM `Employees` AS `Emp`
  WHERE `Emp`.internal_id
    = (SELECT `Departments`.`Head`
         FROM `Departments`
         WHERE `Departments`.internal_id = `Employees`.`Department`)
			
		      

Finds the phone number of the head of the Department to which the Employee is assigned.

			
`Employees`.`Department` -> `Departments`.`Head`
  -> `Employees`.`Phone number`
			
		      

Exactly the same function as the example from the previous row, but uses the arrow syntax instead of select and subselect.

			
SELECT `Rooms`.`Floor`
  FROM `Rooms`
  WHERE `Rooms`.internal_id
  = (SELECT `Emp`.`Room`
      FROM `Employees` AS `Emp`
      WHERE `Emp`.internal_id
      = (SELECT `Departments`.`Head`
           FROM `Departments`
           WHERE `Departments`.internal_id
           = `Employees`.`Department`
        )
    )
			
		      

Finds the Department of the Employee, then it's head, then the Room, to which the head is assigned and finally the Floor on which the Room is located.

			
`Employees`.`Department` -> `Departments`.`Head`
  -> `Employees`.`Room` -> `Rooms`.`Floor`
			
		      

The same as the above example, but uses simplified arrow syntax.

			
SELECT `Contractors`.`E-mail`
  FROM `Contractors`
  WHERE `Contractors`.internal_id
  = (SELECT `Floors`.`Cleaning services company`
      FROM `Floors`
      WHERE `Floors`.internal_id
      = (SELECT `Rooms`.`Floor`
          FROM `Rooms`
          WHERE `Rooms`.internal_id
          = (SELECT `Emp`.`Room`
              FROM `Employees` AS `Emp`
              WHERE `Emp`.internal_id
              = (SELECT `Departments`.`Head`
                  FROM `Departments`
                  WHERE `Departments`.internal_id
                  = `Employees`.`Department`
                )
            )
        )
    )
			
		      

Follows the same sequence as in the above example, but extends it – finds the Cleaning services company responsible for the Floor and then it's e-mail address.

			
`Employees`.`Department` -> `Departments`.`Head`
  -> `Employees`.`Room` -> `Rooms`.`Floor`
  -> `Floors`.`Cleaning services company` -> `Contractors`.`E-mail`
			
		      

Once again the arrow syntax makes complex expression much easier for write (and read).

			
SELECT COUNT(1)
  FROM `Employees`
  WHERE `Employees`.`Department` = `Departments`.internal_id
			
		      

Calculates the number of Employees assigned tho the Department.

			
SELECT AVG(`Employees`.`Age`)
  FROM `Employees`
  WHERE `Employees`.`Department` = `Departments`.internal_id
			
		      

Counts the average age of Employees assigned to the Department.

			
SELECT SUM(`Sales`.`Transaction value`)
  FROM `Sales`
  WHERE `Sales`.`Employee` -> `Employees`.`Department`
  = `Departments`.internal_id
			
		      

Calculates the sum of values of transactions (Sales) performed by the Employees of the Department.

Note that the arrow syntax can be used as a part of other expressions.

			
SELECT `Emp`.`Name`
  FROM `Employees` AS `Emp`
  WHERE `Emp`.`Sum of transaction values`
    = (SELECT MAX(`Employees`.`Sum of transaction values`)
       FROM `Employees`
       WHERE `Employees`.`Department` = `Employees`.internal_id)
			
		      

Finds the name of the Employee who has the highest sum of transaction values in the Department. The "Sum of transaction values" column may also be a dynamically calculated expression.

			
CONCAT(YEAR(`Orders`.`Date`),
       '/',
       LPAD(MONTH(`Orders`.`Date`), 2, '0'),
       '/',
       LPAD(IFNULL((SELECT COUNT(1)
                      FROM `Orders` AS `Ord`
                      WHERE YEAR(`Ord`.`Date`) = YEAR(`Orders`.`Date`)
                        AND MONTH(`Ord`.`Date`) = MONTH(`Orders`.`Date`)
                        AND `Ord`.internal_id < `Orders`.internal_id), 0) + 1, 4, '0')
           )
       )
			
		      

Calculates the signature of an order in the form YYYY/MM/XXXX, containing the year and the month of the order and the four digit sequential number of order in the month.

			
IF(`Tasks`.`Author` -> `Employees`.`E-mail` = PARAM.user_login
    OR `Tasks`.`Assigned to` -> `Employees`.`E-mail` = PARAM.user_login,
  1,
  '')
			
		      

Checks whether the current user (PARAM.user_login) is an author of the Task or the Employee assigned to it. Row access control rules often depend on similar formulas.

			
SELECT MAX(`Projects`.`Last task` -> `Tasks`.`Finished on`)
  FROM `Projects`
  WHERE `Projects`.`Company` = `Companies`.`id`
			
		      

Finds the time when the last task in all Projects assigned to the Company was finished. The "Last task" column of the Project is also dynamically calculated in another field formula in the Project table.

			
SELECT GROUP_CONCAT(CONCAT(`Persons`.`First name`,
                           ' ',
                           `Persons`.`Last name`, 
                           ' ',
                           `Persons`.`E-mail`),
                   '\r\n')
  FROM `Persons`
  WHERE `Persons`.`Company` = `Companies`.internal_id
			
		      

Concatenate names and e-mail addresses of all the Persons related to the Company into single string (every Person will be displayed in the separated line).

			
IF((SELECT COUNT(`Persons`.internal_id)
     FROM `Persons` AS `P`
     WHERE `P`.`Last name` = `Persons`.`Last name`
       AND `P`.`First name` = `Persons`.`First name`
       AND `P`.internal_id <> `Persons`.internal_id)
    > 0,
  1,
  '')
			
		      

Checks whether exists some Persons with the same names.

			
IF((SELECT `Borrowings`.`Status`
     FROM `Borrowings` 
     WHERE `Borrowings`.`Document` = `Documents`.internal_id
     ORDER BY `Borrowings`.internal_id DESC
     LIMIT 1) = 'borrowed',
  (SELECT `Borrowings`.`Borrowed by`
    FROM `Borrowings`
    WHERE `Borrowings`.`Document` = `Documents`.internal_id
    ORDER BY `Borrowings`.internal_id DESC
    LIMIT 1),
  '')
			
		      

If the Document is currently borrowed by someone, returns the id of that Person. This calculated column may be of the reference type, co the result would be a link to that's Person record.

			
=[A]>[B]
			
		      

			
`My Table`.`A` > `My Table`.`B`
			
		      

Check whether value of column A is greater than value of column B.

			
=IF([A]<=[B], "Correct", "Not correct")
			
		      

			
IF(`My Table`.`A` <= `My Table`.`B`,
  'Correct',
  'Not correct')
			
		      

Whether value of column A is less or equal to value of column B the result is "Correct". Otherwise it is "Not correct".

			
=OR([A]>[B], [A]<[C])
			
		      

			
`My Table`.`A` > `My Table`.`B`
    OR `My Table`.`A` < `My Table`.`C`
			
		      

Return true when value of column A is greater than value of column B or when value of column A is smaller then value of column C.

			
=IF(AND([A]>[B], [A]<[C]), "Correct", "Not correct")
			
		      

			
IF(`My Table`.`A` > `My Table`.`B`
    AND `My Table`.`A` < `My Table`.`C`,
  'Correct',
  'Not correct')
			
		      

As in the above example, but returns "Correct" or "Not correct" string instead of true/false.

			
=[A]+[B]
			
		      

			
DATE_ADD(`My Table`.`A`, INTERVAL `My Table`.`B` DAY)
			
		      

Adds B days to the date A (B must be an integer).

			
=DATE(YEAR([A]),MONTH([A])+[B],DAY([A]))
			
		      

			
DATE_ADD(`My Table`.`A`, INTERVAL `My Table`.`B` MONTH)
			
		      

Adds B months to the date A (B must be an integer).

			
=DATEDIF([A], [B],"d")
			
		      

			
DATEDIFF(`My Table`.`B`, `My Table`.`A`)
			
		      

Calculates the number of days between date A and B.

			
=TEXT([B]-[A],"h:mm:ss")
			
		      

			
TIMEDIFF(`My Table`.`B`, `My Table`.`A`)
			
		      

Calculates the number of hours, minutes and seconds between two times.

			
=[A]+[B]
			
		      

			
`My Table`.`A` + `My Table`.`B`
			
		      

Addition

			
=[A]-[B]
			
		      

			
`My Table`.`A` - `My Table`.`B`
			
		      

Subtraction

			
=[A]*[B]
			
		      

			
`My Table`.`A` * `My Table`.`B`
			
		      

Multiplication

			
=[A]/[B]
			
		      

			
`My Table`.`A` / `My Table`.`B`
			
		      

Division

			
=POWER([A], [B])
			
		      

			
POW(`My Table`.`A`, `My Table`.`B`)
			
		      

Exponentiation

			
=ROUND([A],0)
			
		      

			
ROUND(`My Table`.`A`)
			
		      

Rounding

			
=([A]+123)/[B]
			
		      

			
(`My Table`.`A` + 123) / `My Table`.`B`
			
		      

Combined mathematical operations

			
=UPPER([A])
			
		      

			
UPPER(`My Table`.`A`)
			
		      

Changes text to uppercase.

			
=LOWER([A])
			
		      

			
LOWER(`My Table`.`A`)
			
		      

Changes text to lowercase.

			
=[A]&"."&[B]
			
		      

			
CONCAT(`My Table`.`A`, '.', `My Table`.`B`)
			
		      

Combines given strings.

			
=[A]&" pieces of "&[B]&" has been sent."
			
		      

			
CONCAT(`My Table`.`A`, ' pieces of ',`My Table`.`B`, ' has been sent.')
			
		      

More complex example of strings concatenation.

			
=LEFT([A],LEN([B]))
			
		      

			
LEFT(`My Table`.`A`, LENGTH(`My Table`.`B`))
			
		      

Extract a substring of length equal the length of column B value from the value of column A, starting from the left site.

			
=RIGHT([A], LEN([B])-2)
			
		      

			
RIGHT(`My Table`.`A`, LENGTH(`My Table`.`B`) - 2)
			
		      

Extract a substring of length equal the length of column B value diminished by 2 from the value of column A, starting from the right site.

			
=TRIM([A])
			
		      

			
TRIM(`My Table`.`A`)
			
		      

Removes leading and trailing spaces.

			
=REPT("-",10)
			
		      

			
REPEAT('-', 10)
			
		      

Repeats the dash ("-") character 10 times.